Temperature problems


 

Isaac E.

New member
Hello there! Thank you for having me on your excellent discussion board.

I'm a rare WSB owner in New York City. Temperatures can get a little low here. Reading through the board, it is interesting to me that one of the biggest issues everyone seems to have is keeping the temperature down in the smoker. I have the exact opposite problem, and it seems to be getting worse - I've owned the smoker for about ten years <span class="flash-video"> </span> <pre class="ip-ubbcode-code-pre"> </pre> .

For the Super Bowl I tried to smoke ribs - I went through two chimneys full of charcoal that barely heated up the meat before giving up and finishing the ribs in the oven (they were still pretty tasty) - my guess is that. Using the same bag of Kingsford charcoal this weekend, I intended to smoke a lamb shoulder and about 6 pounds of kielbasa and I had the same problem. Using the same bag of charcoal, I was only able to get the meat up to 85 or 90 degrees.

Hoping to attribute my previous failures to a dud bag of charcoal, I purchased a new bag (also Kingsford) and tried once again to smoke the meat in question. My method is as follows, which I think closely follows the standard method (although I am eager to try the Minion method): I heat a chimney full of charcoal - when the top charcoals in the chimney have just lit I pour the charcoal into the chamber / ring on the bottom grate of the WSB and try to spread them out evenly. Often, I'll add a little bit of smoked hardwood for flavor. I also usually fill the water pan about half way, which I feel provides a moister smoking environment, although I realize this is up for debate. I typically start with the bottom vents all about half way open and the top vent closed. This is done in an effort to keep air going to the fire and keep smoke in the WSB. Once I get the coals in the smoker, I immediately add the meat to the smoker and close the WSB to start the smoking process. In reading through the board, it surprised me to learn that this was the wrong approach - almost everyone using the standard method of smoking recommends starting with the bottom vents closed and the top vents open, presumably to keep temperature down and prevent too fast of a burn.

After having read through the board a bit, I took my new bag of Kingsford and tried to alter my approach a bit. I started a chimney full of charcoal in the same fashion and added it to the smoker, trying to wait a moment longer before adding it to make sure all the coals were lit. Once again, I added a small amount of wood to the lit coals for flavor. I reduced the content of the water pan to a very small amount of water, figuring that the water was absorbing valuable heat. I kept the top vent open and and had the bottom vents open only about 25% of the way, and put the meat on the grill.

At first, I was pretty optimistic - the fire seamed to be going steadily - I put a thermometer through the top vent and measured 175 degrees. The temperature stayed at 175 degrees or maybe a little bit higher for 60-90 minutes and then started to fall. After about two and a half hours, the temperature inside the lamb was only about 100 degrees, and there seemed to be minimal heat coming from the smoker.

When I opened the smoker, I could see that the coals in the bottom ring were almost entirely intact - in the past, I've seen coals, especially Kingsford, burn down almost to cinder bits. These still had almost their full volume and some were still black on the outside. I took a picture but can't figure out a way to attach it. Since company was arriving shortly, I had to finish cooking the lamb in the oven, of all the indignities! Also - it was a great day for smoking - about 65 degrees and no wind.

I've always had problems maintaining heat - I've found that I often had to prepare a new batch of charcoal after or 3 hours, but I was able to maintain heat for a fair amount of time. However, the last few times were far worse.

So my questions are is if you guys out there think I'm doing something wrong, which I think I must be, because I think two consecutive bad bags of charcoal is unlikely.

Could I be removing coals from the chimney too soon or too late? I tend to not think that I'm allowing the fire to burn too fast, since the temperature never gets too high, and the coals don't seem to finish burning. I can't imagine that it's an issue with the smoker, which is in good condition by all appearances.

Does anyone have any suggestions?

Thank you in advance for your help.

-- Isaac Esterman
 
Isaac,
Always leave the top vent open...always. If your having trouble building temp, at the start of the cook, leave all bottom vents open 100% UNTIL you reach 240-250 or so, then take them back to 50%. Check your temp every 15 to 20 minutes until the cooker settles down. If the temp keeps building cut the vents back to 25%. Try to be patient and wait for your adjustments to work. Keep the lid closed on the cooker also.

When you use water it shouldn't get real hot, but it should build to 240 or so no problem.

Don't pour your coals out of the chimney until they are white. Don't bother spreading them out, one pile in the middle should be fine.Use more charcoal, you can be more economical later when your temp problems have gone away and you are better at fire control.

As I'm sure you read there is no disadvantage to adding lit to unlit coals...Minion is one way to do it. I also do well with a metal coffee can in the center, pour unlit briquettes around it, which keeps the center open for my lit coals. I dump my chimney full of lit in the coffee can, pull it out with pliers, assemble the cooker and away I go.

Oops, forgot to mention the coffee can has the bottom cut out.

Dennis
 
Issac welcome to the board! Where in NYC are you?

I would suggest starting minion method. I would also not use the water. The water is a heat sink which will keep your temps down. I would foil the pan and leave it empty. That will immediately add heat. Fill the entire ring with unlit charcoal. If you want (I do) bury some wood chunks in different parts of the unlit. I only use about 50% full chimney starter but if you want to do full that's fine. Wait till the flames are coming out of the top and the coals are white. Then dump them on top and let them fall where they may. No need to spread them out. Keeping them together keeps all the heat together so you will immeidately see the temp on the cooker go up. It will ignite the rest and because it's done this way, you will get a nice slow burn. Throw some more wood chunks on top of the coals. Throw some more wood chunks on top of the coals.

Also, I don't use kingsford as I don't like it. Lump is hotter. I'm not sure in NYC you are but I know home depot carries lump.
 
Isaac, Welcome Aboard. I suspect that you're choking off the oxygen to the fire.

Try a test burn with no meat and a full water pan. Open all your vents 100%. Like Dennis said, leave the lid vent full open. You need that to get air(read oxygen) to the fire. Start a chimney full of charcoal. If you have leftover partially burned coals from you previous attempts use them. Once the coals are white pour them in you fire ring and see what happens. I'm pretty sure you'll see the temp go way up. Then close your lower vents down to about 25% and see what happens. For me, the charcoal lasted 4 hours when I did this. Good luck.
 
<BLOCKQUOTE class="ip-ubbcode-quote"><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-title">quote:</div><div class="ip-ubbcode-quote-content">Originally posted by Isaac E.:
... and the top vent closed. </div></BLOCKQUOTE>
That's the problem right there. The only time I ever close the top vent in my smoker is when I've taken the meat out and I want to shut down the remaining coals. The top vent exhausts hot air and smoke which causes fresh air to come in the bottom. Without enough fresh air, the fire cannot get oxygen to burn.

The trick to temperature control is to control air flow, not stop it. You control with the bottom vents. Secondary control is with water in the pan. When the fire temperature exceeds the boiling temp of water, the water boils. This does two things: It absorbs heat and the resulting steam can deprive the fire of oxygen. (I'm not sure how important the second factor is, but I suspect it matters if the fire gets way too hot.) I recommend using water in the pan until you get the hang of temperature control (depending on what you're cooking. Fowl does not benefit from 'low and slow' as much as beef and pork.)

I use the Minion method (adding some hot coals to a fire lay consisting of more charcoal and smoking wood in the fire ring) and that helps to keep temperature moderate in the early portion of the smoke.

I start with all vents wide open and as the smoker approaches desired temperature (and about the time I usually add meat) I start closing bottom vents. Adding meat will take temp down of course, but you can watch as temperature recovers. I often wind up with only one bottom vent open. Later in the smoke as coals get covered in ash and become depleted, I usually have to start opening more bottom vents. I monitor temperature with both the built in thermometer and a Maverick remote reading thermometer at about the level of the top grate. Weather conditions also affect temps. A strong wind will result in excess air infiltration that causes temperatures to climb.

Good temperature control is a skill that can be learned with practice. Don't be worried if your first smoke doesn't finish as expected. You have already discovered that you can finish meat in an oven and it will taste just as good. Most of the smoke flavor is picked up early in the smoke.
 
All -

Thank you for your kind, wise and considered responses. I am already looking forward to my next occasion to smoke. I will definitely, as all have advised, leave the top vent open, which makes sense - without that, air can't get pulled into the smoker and up through the machine. I will also leave the charcoal in the chimney a little bit longer next time, to make sure it's completely ashed - I have a feeling some of the briquettes have not been fully lit on my past attempts. I'm also thinking about trying a mix between lump and regular charcoal, just to make sure the initial temperature is high.

Chuck_B - I'm in Park Slope, Brooklyn, by the way.

Thanks again to all for having me on your excellent forum!

-- Isaac
 
Isaac,

Just to add a little bit to this, most of my recent cooks have been in the 325-350 degree range. I do a Minion cook starting with a mostly full charcoal chamber and add roughly 1/2 chimney full of lit coals. All vents wide open to start, nothing but foil in the water pan. Within 30 minutes I'm usually backing down some of the lower vents and it will hold a steady 335ish degrees as long as I want. I hope that helps!
 

 

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