Josh -
Good for you, man. Dried chiles are the only way to go. You'll be hooked really soon and will love experimenting with new chiles and different techniques.
Doug D and Kruger properly explained the two main ways to use chiles.
You really need to get a coffee grinder. Well, well worth the small investment. I use mine more than any other kitchen appliance. Once you get one, you can dry and toast them like Kruger said, then grind them up to make rubs with your chiles, as well as your own chile powders.
Dried chipotles, as opposed to chipotles in adobo, are amazing. You really get the flavor of smoked chiles when you use them.
Once you've gone through your anchos, chipotles and habs, you've got to check out guajillos. They are my workhorse chile. They have a milder, less bitter flavor than anchos, but still some kick, in my opinion. Because of that, I use tons and tons of them. They are usually the base of all my chile powders, sauces, etc.
good luck!