Rather than full temperature control, it may be possible to make a passive "spike preventer" type device:
With a metal or silicone expanding bellows-type pneumatic device, it may be possible to make a device that is similar to a rate-of-rise heat detector, and use it to partially shut-down a vent.
A bellows-type mechanism would generate more power and more range-of-motion than a bi-metal device, and would, therefore, be less prone to gumming-up. However, such devices are also sensitive to changes in air pressure, unless some suitable bleed mechanism is provided - which negates their use for full automatic temperature control.
It would probably be big, ugly, "clunky", and offer limited benefit.